Most Used Programming Terms and Their Definition | Programming Terminology

Programming Terminology

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1. Pseudocode: Pseudocode is not a programming language, but simply an informal way of describing a program. It does not follow any syntax strictly. In other words, we can say that pseudocode is an outline of a program, written in a form that can easily be converted into real programming statements. And also a plain language description of the steps in an algorithm. It's intended to be rad by humans, rather than machines.
2. Preprocessor: preprocessor is a microprocessor that is used by the compiler to transform your code before compilation. It is called a micro preprocessor because it allows us to add macros.
3. Callback: Any executable code that is passed as an argument to other code.
4. Refactoring: The process of restructuring existing computer code- changing the factoring- without changing its external behavior.
5. Modular Programming: A software design technique that emphasizes separating the functionality of a program into independent, interchangeable parts.
6. OOP (Object Oriented Programming): it is a way of programming that depends on objects and classes and follows all concepts of OPP. It is real-world programming because it follows the object and classes which have some characteristics and classes.
7. Object: An object is a real-world entity that has some characteristics, variables, and behavior (functions). An object is a variable of a class type.
8. Class: Class is a collection of similar types of objects; it works as a container of property and functions. It provides the concept of data hiding.
9. Inheritance: when a new class reuses the property of the existing class or when a base class reuses the property of child class is called inheritance. It provides the concept of data reusability. In inheritance and existing classes called super or base or parent and new classes called sub or derived or child class.
10. En-capsulation: The wrapping up of data and code into a single unit (Class) is called class and this concept is called encapsulation.
11. Data Abstraction: It refers to show essential features without including the background details. Data Abstraction provided by private access modifier an encapsulation.
12. Message passing: The Communication between objects is called message passing.
13. Binding: The attachment of functions to the function body called Binding. There are two types of Binding. (a). Compile Time Binding (b). Run Time Binding
14. Bug: It refers to an error in a program. It is an unexpected error that causes malfunction. In short, it is any behavior or result that a program or system gets but it was not designed to do.
15. Debugging: It is the process of finding and fixing bugs or errors in the program.
16. Algorithm: An algorithm is a set of instructions or step-by-step instructions for a specific program.
17. Break: Break is using in the loop to terminate the loop or we can say that break can take outside from the loop. The break statement is used inside any loop to allow the control to jump to the immediate statement following the loop. Break is also used in switch case to stop the execution of the program.
    
18. Compiler: It is software that converts source code into machine code.
19. Function: Function is a small code of a program that performs a certain task. A function defines or creates one time and calls or uses many times. Most functions are pre-made which we have to call only and if there are any changes we can make our own.
    
20. Recursion: A function calls itself again and again until a specific conclusion is called a recursion function and this process is called recursion.
    
21. Void: Void is an empty data type that has no value. We use void data type in functions when we don’t want to return any value to the calling function. It's a return type of function which shows that there is no return.
    
22. Return: A return statement ends the execution of a function, and returns control to the calling function. A return statement can return a value to the calling function.
    
23. Register: Registers are special storage areas within a computer’s CPU. All the arithmetic and logic operations are carried out with these registers. For the same program, the execution time can be reduced if certain values can be stored in registers rather than memory.
    
24. Array: It is a collection of similar types of data elements which are called an array. It has continuous memory allocation.
    
25. Case: Case is used in switch it is a specific condition when a case condition satisfy or match with the switch (Variable) then the given program executes.
    
26. Pointer: Pointer is a reference variable that is used to store the address of another variable that means pointer point to variable whose address. Pointer is also used as a reference variable.
    
27. Switch: Its objective is to check several possible constant values for an expression, possible constant values for an expression, something similar to what we had studied in the earlier ‘if’ and ‘else if’ statements. When the action to be taken depending on the value of the control variable, are large in number, then the use of control structure nested if.. Else makes the program complex. So switch used.
    
28. Static: In the case of a single-file programs static variables are defined within functions and individually have the scope as automatic variables. But Static variables retain their values throughout the execution o program within their previous values.
    
29. Default: Default is used in switch statement when the value of expression has not matched any of the previously specified constants the program will execute the in default: section if it exists, as it is an optional statement.
    
30. String: String is a collection of char data types such as names.
    
31. Continue: Continue statement used inside the loop helps to bypass the section of a loop and passes the control to the beginning of the loop to continue the execution with the next loop iteration.
    
32. Goto: The goto statement is used to alter the normal sequence of program instructions by transferring the control to some other portion of the program.
    
33. Union: Union is a collection of heterogeneous (different type) data elements same as structure but differentiated on the basis of memory allocation. In union, memory has been allocated to a single data element that has the largest size but in structure, memory is allocated to all data members.
    
34. Structure: Structure is a collection of different types of data elements, also called heterogeneous(different) data type elements. In structure, each element has its own memory allocation.
    
35. Char: it is a data type of alphabet characters. Char is used to storing a single character only. It occupies 1 byte of memory.
    
36. Int: The “int” keyword is used to declare an integer type variable. For example int count; Here count is an integer variable its storage size is 2 or 4 bytes.
    
37. Double: The double is a fundamental data type built into the compiler and used to define numeric variables holding numbers with decimal points. It can contain up to 15 digits in total.
    
38. Long: it is used to allocate more memory for ‘int’ or ‘float’ variables.
39. Framework: An abstraction in which software providing generic functionality can be selectively changed by additional user-written code, providing application-specific software.
40. IDE (Integrated Development Environment): An integrated development environment is an application that provides comprehensive facilities to programmers for software development. It usually consists of a code editor, build automation tools, and a debugger.
41. SDK (Software Development Kit): A software development kit is a collection of software development tools in one installable package. They usually consist of a compiler, debugger, and sometimes a software framework.
42. JDK (Java Development Kit): it provides the tool for the creation of Java applications. Such as java and java (interpreter). It converts the byte code into machine code, appellate, viewer, JD (Java Debugger), etc. It physically exists. It contains JRE+Development Tool.
43. JRE (Java Runtime Environment): JRE is used to provide the runtime environment it is the implementation of JVM. It physically exists. It contains a set of libraries + Other files that JVM uses at runtime. Implementation of JVM is also actively released by other companies besides Sun Micro System.
44. JVM (Java Virtual Machine): JVM is an abstract machine. It is a specification that provides a runtime environment in which java bytecode can be executed.

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