FACTS OF COMPUTER
- Charles Babbage is called the father of computer who invented the Analytical Engine in 1937.
- Alan Turning is known as the father of the modern computer.
- The First computer architecture was introduced by Jon Von Neumann in 1948.
- World's first laptop 'OSBORNE 1' invented by Adam Osborne in 1981 and it had just 64 KB RAM.
- EDVAC was the first electronic computer constructed at The Moore School of Engineering (U.S.A).
- ENIAC was the world’s first successful electronic computer which was developed by two scientists namely J P Eckert and J W Mauchy. It was the beginning of the first generation of computers.
- The name of the first computer made in India was TIFRAC (Tata Institute Of Fundamental Research Automatic Calculator). This computer was made at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Lab, Mumbai and was in use from the year 1956.
- A binary number system was suggested by Jon Von Neumann.
- The microprocessor is the main concept behind the fourth generation of computers.
- In 1971 Ted Hoff invented Intel 4004 chip which was the world’s first single-chip Microprocessor.
- Transistors were invented by Bell laboratory of America in 1953 and were made up of semiconductors like germanium and silicon.
- In 1958 Jack St. Clair Kilby and Robert Nayce invented the first IC (Integrated Circuit). IC was made of silicon material and consists of thousands of transistors in a single chip.
- Siddhartha was the first computer developed in India.
- The world's first computer called the Z1 was invented by Knorad Zuse.
- PARAM was the first supercomputer developed in India in 1990. It is a series of gigaflops assembled by C-DAC in Pune.
- PARAM Yuva-2 is the latest machine in the series of PARAM made by C-DAC (Pune) in India. It has been ranked 33rd in the list of 500 supercomputers in the world.
- Tianhe-2 is the world’s fastest supercomputer launched by China at NUDT University in 2013. It has been based on Rylin Linux operating system with 33.86 petaflops.
- Buffer is temporary storage where the register holds the data for further execution.
- Accumulator is register in CPU in which intermediate arithmetic and logic result is stored.
- Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) and Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) are the two kinds of microprocessors classified on the basis of an instruction set.
- The performance of the computer is affected by the size of registers, size of RAM, speed of system clock, and size of cache memory.
- The speed of the processor is measured in millions of cycles per second or megahertz (MHz).
- Machine cycle is defined by the time, it takes to fetch two operations and store the result in a resister.
- Pipelining improves execution steps of several instructions in parallel. It is also called instruction prefetch.
- Sockets are the connecting points of chip on the motherboard.
- Generally, the computer refers to the central processing unit plus external memory.
- Load instruction is used for loading data into the CPU accumulator register from memory.
- The box that comes along with your computer in which all the electronic components of your computer is contained is called system units.
- The mouse was invented by Douglas Engelbart at Stanford Research center in 1963.
- Political mouse was introduced by Microsoft in 1999. It used a light beam to detect the movement.
- A joystick allows movements in all directions (360°).
- Scanner stores images in both grayscale and color mode.
- Drag and drop refers to the action of clicking and holding down the mouse and realing it.
- OCR technology is being developed for greater accurate recognition and is known as Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR).
- Flash memory is a kind of semiconductor-based non-volatile rewriteable memory, used in digital cameras, mobile phones, printers, etc.
- Virtual memory is a technique that allows the execution of processes that are not completely in the main memory. One major advantage of this scheme is that programs can be larger than main memory.
- Buffer is temporary physical storage used to hold data during the execution of a process form one place to another.
- The rate at which data is written to disk or read from disk is called data transfer rate.
- Track it records data bits as tiny magnetic spots.
- Sector it holds a block of data that is read a written at one time.
- Root directory is the main folder of the disk, it contains information about all folders on the disk.
- Hard disk is a fixed disk i.e., cannot be removed from the drive.
- Bit is the smallest memory measurement unit.
- Copper byte is the highest memory measurement unit.
- BCD system was developed by IBM Corporation.
- Visual Basic is an interpreted language.
- The firmware is a combination of software and hardware, e.g., PROMs and EPROMs.
- Freeware is commonly used for copyrighted software that is given away for free by its owner.
- Pseudocode is not a programming language, but simply an informal way of describing a program. It does not follow any syntax strictly. In other words, we can say that pseudo-code is an outline of a program, written in a form that can easily be converted into real programming statements.
- Control structures are a statement or block of statement in a programming language that determines the control flow or sequence of execution of other instructions or statements.
- Looping is a control structure that is used in a program to execute a particular set of statements repeatedly.
- Standby it drops the computer into a very low power mode.
- Hibernate is a feature of a computer operating system where the contents of RAM are written to non-volatile storage such as a hard disk before powering off the computer.
- MS-Word first released in 1983 under the name multi-Tool Word for Xenix System.
- The default name of the new MS-Word is document-1.
- The file format of the new MS-Word is .doc and .docx.
- In MS-WORD, a default alignment for paragraphs is centered.
- A database Administrator (DBA) is an information technology expert or responsible for the technical operations of a database or an organization. It coordinates all the activities of the database system.
- Data abstraction is a process where the system does not disclose all the details of data. Rather it hides certain details of how the data is stored and maintained in database architecture.
- Front Ends refers to the client end i.e., the end at which request is made.
- Data models it is a collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics, etc. they are generally divided into three data models: relation, network, and hierarchical model.
- Dr. EF Codd represented 12 rules for Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) in 1970.
- Bandwidth determines the data transfer rate. It is measured in Cycle per Second (CPS) or hertz (Hz).
- Throughput is the amount of data that is actually transmitted between the two computers. It is specified in Bits per Second (BPS). Giga Bits per second (GBps) is the fastest speed unit per data transmission.
- Baud is used to measure the speed of signaling and data transfer.
- Broadband refers to a data line that will allow large amounts of data to be transferred very quickly. Fiber optics, microwaves, and coaxial cables are used for broadband communication.
- Gauge is used to measure the thickness of the wire.
- Tim Burners Lee created the first URL in 1991 to allow the publishing of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web (WWW).
- Facebook was developed by Mark Zurkerberg.
- Mobile commerce was originally started in 1997 by Levin Duffey.
- Brain was the first pc boot sector virus created in 1986.
- Creeper was the first computer virus created in 1971.
- The first graphical web browser was NCSA Mosaic.
- UNIX was originally developed by Ken Thompson in 1969. it was the first operating system written in the C language.
- Android was introduced by Google in 2007. Android is an OS based on Linux.
- The term Windows was introduced by Microsoft Company in 1983.
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